康明斯柴油發電機組使用與維護總結

2018-10-18

來源：柴油發電機組廠家

目前，船(chuan)用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)可分(fen)為兩(liang)種(zhong)，一種(zhong)是(shi)船(chuan)用(yong)柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)，另(ling)一種(zhong)是(shi)應(ying)急柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)，較好的(de)船(chuan)用(yong)柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)有康明(ming)斯柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)、上柴火(huo)柴油發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)，那么船(chuan)舶(bo)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)一般應(ying)該做什么維修呢？以下是(shi)對船(chuan)用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)使用(yong)和維護的(de)簡(jian)要介紹：

1. 一般維修

為了保(bao)(bao)(bao)證發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)運行(xing)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機附(fu)近(jin)不應(ying)積聚(ju)水、油和(he)(he)(he)污垢，也不應(ying)有(you)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)氣體，以免(mian)損(sun)壞發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機繞組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣。在(zai)(zai)(zai)防潮防塵(chen)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)，要(yao)注意(yi)不影響(xiang)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)正常(chang)通風(feng)和(he)(he)(he)冷卻(que)。始(shi)終清潔通風(feng)口的(de)(de)(de)灰塵(chen)和(he)(he)(he)污垢，保(bao)(bao)(bao)持通暢。冷卻(que)空氣的(de)(de)(de)溫度不能(neng)太低，以免(mian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)繞組(zu)和(he)(he)(he)其他導電(dian)(dian)裝置上凝結(jie)水滴。對于短時(shi)間停止運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機，集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)環(huan)不需要(yao)包扎(zha)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，但電(dian)(dian)刷應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)刷子和(he)(he)(he)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)環(huan)之間用絕緣紙(zhi)板、蠟紙(zhi)或瀝青質紙(zhi)緩沖，以防止毛(mao)刷在(zai)(zai)(zai)集電(dian)(dian)極(ji)環(huan)表面(mian)形成斑(ban)點(dian)。如(ru)果發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)機加工表面(mian)因油和(he)(he)(he)油漆脫落(luo)而腐(fu)蝕(shi)，則應(ying)及時(shi)去除(chu)銹蝕(shi)，并涂上防銹漆。

2. 拆(chai)卸和裝配時應注(zhu)意的事項

發電(dian)機(ji)的(de)拆裝(zhuang)方法與異(yi)步電(dian)動機(ji)的(de)方法大致(zhi)相同，但由于發電(dian)機(ji)重(zhong)量重(zhong)，拆卸(xie)裝(zhuang)配時應注意(yi)不(bu)要(yao)碰傷。拆卸(xie)端(duan)蓋(gai)時，注意(yi)不(bu)要(yao)接觸機(ji)座表面凸出的(de)定子(zi)(zi)線圈；拆卸(xie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)時，在電(dian)機(ji)定子(zi)(zi)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)之間用(yong)紙板墊住轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)，以防止鐵芯(xin)和(he)繞組損壞。用(yong)鋼絲繩(sheng)系(xi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)時，鋼纜不(bu)得接觸轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)軸頸(jing)、鳳凰風扇(shan)、收集器(qi)滑塊和(he)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)手引線。鋼纜必須用(yong)木板或(huo)橡(xiang)皮墊；

3. 發電(dian)機的干燥(zao)

新(xin)安(an)裝的同(tong)步(bu)發(fa)電(dian)機在運(yun)(yun)行前應(ying)烘(hong)干。如(ru)果(guo)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻滿足要求，則不(bu)能(neng)干燥(zao)，但負荷在運(yun)(yun)行后 24 小時內不(bu)超過(guo)額定容量的 50%。

1 選擇(ze)普通柴油(you)發電機組。

常用機組(zu)(zu)的連續運行時間長，負荷曲線變化大，機組(zu)(zu)容量、機組(zu)(zu)數量、機組(zu)(zu)類(lei)型和控制方式的選擇與應急機組(zu)(zu)不同。

(2) 備用(yong)柴油發(fa)電機組的選擇(ze)。

當(dang)計(ji)算(suan)的(de)(de)負(fu)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，當(dang)計(ji)算(suan)的(de)(de)負(fu)荷(he)小(xiao)于(yu)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，按 1.2 倍(bei)考(kao)慮備用系數(shu)，即(ji) 1.2 倍(bei)的(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)。停電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，應急(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)向(xiang)負(fu)載供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)。當(dang)計(ji)算(suan)的(de)(de)負(fu)荷(he)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)大(da)于(yu)單個(ge)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，當(dang)計(ji)算(suan)負(fu)荷(he)大(da)于(yu)單個(ge)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)后(hou)，當(dang)計(ji)算(suan)的(de)(de)負(fu)荷(he)大(da)于(yu)單個(ge)應急(ji)(ji)柴(chai)(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，可以選擇(ze)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)同、調壓和調速特性相(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)自動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)。停電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，其中一臺(tai)或兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)向(xiang)家用和商用電(dian)(dian)源供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)；當(dang)停電(dian)(dian)和發(fa)生火災(zai)時(shi)，兩(liang)(liang)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)向(xiang)火災(zai)負(fu)荷(he)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)，以便(bian)于(yu)滅火。

(3) 應急柴油發電機的選擇。

他(ta)說："應(ying)急柴(chai)油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)應(ying)選(xuan)用速(su)度快、增壓、耗(hao)油量低(di)及容(rong)(rong)量相同(tong)的柴(chai)油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)。" 高速(su)增壓柴(chai)油機(ji)單機(ji)容(rong)(rong)量大(da)，占(zhan)用空間小；柴(chai)油機(ji)選(xuan)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)子或液壓調(diao)速(su)裝置，調(diao)速(su)性能較好；發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)應(ying)選(xuan)用無刷勵磁或相復合勵磁裝置的同(tong)步電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)，可靠性高，故(gu)障(zhang)率低(di)，維護維護方便。當單臺空調(diao)器或電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)在(zai)一級負(fu)荷下容(rong)(rong)量較大(da)時，應(ying)選(xuan)用三次諧波勵磁發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)。該裝置安裝在(zai)帶有(you)減震器的普通底盤上(shang)；消聲器應(ying)安裝在(zai)排氣管出口處，以減少噪音對周(zhou)圍環境的影響。

(4) 機(ji)組起動方式的選擇。

柴油發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)有(you)(you)三(san)種起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式：( 一）手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；( 二）電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)；( 三(san)）壓縮空氣(qi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。" 高(gao)層建筑應采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方式，避免壓縮空氣(qi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在某高(gao)層建筑中，必須選(xuan)擇具(ju)有(you)(you)自(zi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的柴油發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組。一旦市場(chang)網絡(luo)的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中斷，它必須在 15 秒內提供（高(gao)標準要求的 30 秒）。第二類高(gao)層建筑有(you)(you)條件時(shi)，也應采(cai)用自(zi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，困難時(shi)也可使用手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

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康明斯柴油發電機組使用與維護總結