柴(chai)油(you)發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)是(shi)以柴(chai)油(you)為主燃料的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)發電(dian)設(she)備，以柴(chai)油(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)為原動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發電(dian)機(ji)（即電(dian)球(qiu)）發電(dian)，把動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能轉換成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)能和熱能的(de)機(ji)械(xie)設(she)備。整(zheng)套機(ji)組(zu)(zu)一(yi)般由(you)柴(chai)油(you)機(ji)、發電(dian)機(ji)、控制(zhi)箱、燃油(you)箱、起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和控制(zhi)用蓄電(dian)瓶(ping)、保護裝(zhuang)置、應急柜、底盤等部件組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。

柴油發電(dian)機組(zu)是一種中(zhong)小型(xing)的(de)發電(dian)設備。它具有機動靈活、投資較少(shao)、啟(qi)動方(fang)便等優點，廣泛應用于(yu)通訊、采礦、筑路、林區、農田灌溉(gai)、野外施工和國(guo)防工程等各部門。柴油發電(dian)機組(zu)也是自備電(dian)站(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)一種交(jiao)流供(gong)電(dian)設備。

柴(chai)油發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組適用于(yu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網不(bu)能(neng)(neng)輸送到通(tong)信(xin)(xin)局站、礦區、林區、牧區和國防工程等場(chang)(chang)合，要(yao)求能(neng)(neng)獨(du)立(li)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，作動(dong)力和照(zhao)明的主電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于(yu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)的地區，而(er)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性要(yao)求高，不(bu)允許停電(dian)(dian)(dian)和要(yao)求幾秒內能(neng)(neng)訊速(su)恢(hui)復供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的單(dan)位(wei)，例如(ru)通(tong)信(xin)(xin)、銀(yin)行、賓(bin)館、機場(chang)(chang)等重要(yao)部門，可(ke)作為(wei)應(ying)急備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，一旦市電(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)迅速(su)提供穩定的交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

康(kang)明(ming)斯發電機的(de)類型有很多，主要有以下八大分類方式：

一、按照(zhao)發動機(ji)的燃(ran)料分類，可(ke)分柴(chai)油發電機(ji)組(zu)(zu)和復合(he)燃(ran)料發電機(ji)組(zu)(zu)。

二(er)、按照(zhao)轉速分類(lei)，可分為高速、中速、低速柴油(you)發電(dian)機(ji)組。

三、按照(zhao)使用(yong)條件分(fen)類：可分(fen)為(wei)陸(lu)用(yong)、船用(yong)、掛車式(shi)和汽車式(shi)柴油發電機(ji)(ji)組。其中陸(lu)用(yong)發電機(ji)(ji)組包括移動式(shi)和固定式(shi)。陸(lu)用(yong)機(ji)(ji)組又可以分(fen)為(wei)普通型(xing)、自動化型(xing)、低噪音型(xing)、低噪音自動化型(xing)四種。

四、按照發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和頻率(lv)分(fen)類：可分(fen)為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組和直(zhi)流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組。其(qi)中交(jiao)流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組；包(bao)括中頻40HZ和工(gong)頻50HZ。對50HZ工(gong)頻中小型發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組的表定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般為(wei)400V；大型發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的標定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一(yi)般為(wei)6.3-10.5kV。

五、按照同(tong)步(bu)發電(dian)機的勵磁方式分類：可分為(wei)旋轉(zhuan)交流勵磁機和靜止勵磁機。

1、旋轉交(jiao)流勵磁機(ji)勵磁系統，包括交(jiao)流勵磁機(ji)靜止(zhi)整流器(qi)勵磁系統而后無(wu)刷勵磁系統。

2、靜止勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)機勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，包(bao)括(kuo)電壓源靜止勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)機勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、交流側串聯復(fu)合電壓源靜止勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)機勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)諧波(bo)（或基波(bo)）輔助繞組(zu)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)

六(liu)、按用途分(fen)類(lei)

1、常用機組(zu)

柴(chai)油發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)常(chang)年運(yun)行，一(yi)般設(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)遠離電(dian)力(li)網（或(huo)稱市電(dian)）的(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)或(huo)工(gong)(gong)礦(kuang)企業附近，以(yi)滿足這些地方的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)、生產和生活用(yong)電(dian)。在(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)發(fa)展比(bi)較(jiao)快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)地區(qu)，由于電(dian)力(li)網的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)跟不(bu)上用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)需求而(er)設(she)(she)立建(jian)設(she)(she)周期短的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)用(yong)柴(chai)油發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)來滿足用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)需要。這類發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)一(yi)般容(rong)量較(jiao)大(da)，對(dui)非恒定(ding)(ding)負載提供(gong)連續的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)力(li)供(gong)應，對(dui)連續運(yun)行的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)沒有限制，并(bing)允許每12h內有1h過負載供(gong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，過負荷能力(li)為額(e)定(ding)(ding)輸出功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)10%。這類機(ji)組(zu)因其(qi)運(yun)行時(shi)間(jian)(jian)較(jiao)長、負載較(jiao)重，相對(dui)于本機(ji)極限功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)許用(yong)功(gong)率被調(diao)至(zhi)較(jiao)低點(dian)。

2、備用(yong)機組

在通常情(qing)況下用(yong)戶所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)力由市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)給，當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)限電(dian)(dian)(dian)拉(la)閘(zha)或其他原因中斷供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，為保證(zheng)用(yong)戶的基(ji)本生(sheng)產和生(sheng)活(huo)而設(she)置的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)。這類(lei)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)常設(she)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)信部門、醫院、市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)應(ying)緊張的工礦企業、機(ji)場和電(dian)(dian)(dian)視臺等重要用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)單(dan)位。這類(lei)機(ji)組(zu)隨時保持備用(yong)狀態，能對非恒定負載提供(gong)(gong)連(lian)續的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力供(gong)(gong)應(ying)。

3、應急機組(zu)

對市電突然中斷(duan)將造成較大損失或人身(shen)事故(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用電設(she)備，常設(she)置應(ying)急發電機組(zu)對這(zhe)些設(she)備緊急供(gong)電，如(ru)高(gao)層建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)消防(fang)系(xi)統、疏散照明、電梯、自動(dong)化生(sheng)產線的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制系(xi)統、重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信系(xi)統以及正在跟病人做重要(yao)手術的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫療設(she)備等。這(zhe)類機組(zu)應(ying)能在市電突然中斷(duan)時(shi)，能迅速啟(qi)動(dong)運(yun)行，并在最短(duan)時(shi)間內向負載(zai)提供(gong)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流電源，以保(bao)證及時(shi)地向負載(zai)供(gong)電，這(zhe)種機組(zu)自動(dong)化程度要(yao)求較高(gao)。

七、按照控制和操(cao)作(zuo)的方式分類，可分為現場操(cao)作(zuo)發(fa)(fa)電機組、隔(ge)室操(cao)作(zuo)發(fa)(fa)電機組和自(zi)動化發(fa)(fa)電機組。

1、現(xian)場操(cao)作發電機(ji)組。操(cao)作人員(yuan)在機(ji)房內對發電機(ji)組進行(xing)啟動(dong)、合(he)閘、調速、分閘、停機(ji)等(deng)操(cao)作。這類發電機(ji)組運(yun)行(xing)時(shi)所產(chan)生(sheng)的振動(dong)、噪聲、油霧(wu)和廢(fei)氣對操(cao)作人員(yuan)的身體有不良影(ying)響。

2、隔(ge)室操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)，這類(lei)發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)的機(ji)房和控制室分開設(she)置，操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員在操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)室內(nei)(nei)(nei)對(dui)機(ji)房內(nei)(nei)(nei)的柴油發(fa)電機(ji)組(zu)進(jin)行啟動、調速、停(ting)機(ji)等操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)，并對(dui)機(ji)組(zu)的運行參數進(jin)行監(jian)測，對(dui)機(ji)房內(nei)(nei)(nei)的輔機(ji)也實施(shi)集中(zhong)控制。隔(ge)室操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)可改善操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員的工作(zuo)(zuo)環(huan)境。

3、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)。經過各有關單位的多年(nian)研究，柴油發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)的自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)化可實現無人值守(shou)，其中包括機組(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)調壓、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)調頻、調載、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)并(bing)車、按負荷大小自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)增減機組(zu)(zu)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)處理故障(zhang)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)記(ji)錄打印(yin)機組(zu)(zu)可在市電(dian)中斷(duan)后(hou)10-15s自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)，代替市電(dian)進行供電(dian)。

八、按照(zhao)自動化功能(neng)分(fen)類，可分(fen)為基本(ben)型(xing)柴油(you)發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)、自動啟(qi)動柴油(you)發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)和(he)微型(xing)機自動控制柴油(you)發電(dian)機組(zu)(zu)。

1、基本(ben)型柴(chai)油發電(dian)機(ji)組較為(wei)常(chang)見，它由柴(chai)油機(ji)、封閉(bi)式水箱(xiang)(xiang)、油箱(xiang)(xiang)、消聲(sheng)器(qi)、同步交(jiao)流發電(dian)機(ji)、勵磁電(dian)壓調節裝置、控制箱(xiang)(xiang)、聯軸器(qi)和底盤(pan)等組成。基本(ben)型柴(chai)油發電(dian)機(ji)組具(ju)有電(dian)壓和轉速自動調節功能(neng)。一般可做為(wei)主用(yong)電(dian)源(yuan)或備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)源(yuan)。

2、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)柴油(you)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組是(shi)在基本型柴油(you)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的基礎上增(zeng)加自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)系統。它(ta)具有自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的功能(neng)(neng)。當(dang)(dang)市電(dian)(dian)突然(ran)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，機(ji)(ji)組能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)切(qie)換(huan)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)運行、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)送點和自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)停(ting)機(ji)(ji)等功能(neng)(neng)；當(dang)(dang)機(ji)(ji)油(you)壓力過(guo)低、機(ji)(ji)油(you)溫度(du)或(huo)冷(leng)卻水溫度(du)過(guo)高時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發出聲光告(gao)警信號；當(dang)(dang)機(ji)(ji)組超(chao)速(su)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)緊(jin)急停(ting)機(ji)(ji)，保護發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組。

3、微型機(ji)(ji)(ji)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)柴(chai)油發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組由(you)柴(chai)油機(ji)(ji)(ji)、三相無刷同(tong)步發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)油自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)補(bu)給(gei)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、機(ji)(ji)(ji)油自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)補(bu)給(gei)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、冷卻水自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)補(bu)給(gei)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)柜組成。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)應用可編程序控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器（PLC）控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。它除了具有自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)啟動(dong)(dong)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)切換、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)運行(xing)、自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)投入和自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)停機(ji)(ji)(ji)等功能外(wai)，并(bing)配有各種(zhong)故障報警和自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)保護裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。另外(wai)，它通過RS232通信接口，與主計算(suan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)連接，集中控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，能夠(gou)遙(yao)控(kong)、遙(yao)信和遙(yao)測，實現(xian)無人值班的(de)要(yao)求。